Gate valves come in various types depending on structure, stem design, connection, operation, and material. Structurally, they include solid wedge, flexible wedge, double disc, and parallel slide types, each offering different sealing and pressure capabilities. Stem designs are either rising or non-rising, chosen based on space and visibility needs. Connection types include flanged, threaded, butt-weld, and socket-weld ends to suit different installation and pressure requirements. Operation methods range from manual and gear-operated to electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic actuation for automation and efficiency. Materials such as cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, bronze, and specialized knife gate designs allow gate valves to be used across water, oil, gas, chemical, and slurry applications—ensuring reliable flow control in diverse industrial environments.